Introduction To Malcolm X And His Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1539 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/25 Category History Essay Level High school Topics: Malcolm X Essay Did you like this example? Malcolm Little, better known as Malcolm X, was born May 19, 1925 and assassinated February 21, 1965. He was an African-American leader and figurehead in the Nation of Islam (NOI), important to the movement for freedom and equality in postwar America because of his orations regarding, race, pride, and black nationalism in the 1950s and 1960s. Early in life, Malcolm struggled to survive as a black, young man growing up in Omaha, Nebraska, especially with a father whose activism for the local chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and preaching gained attention from white supremacist groups, leading to his familys frequent encounters with harassment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Introduction To Malcolm X And His Life" essay for you Create order Persecution followed the family as they moved from Omaha to Milwaukee to Lansing, and eventually led to the 1921 death of his father. After his mother was admitted into a mental institution following her husbands death, Malcolm and his siblings were put into separate foster homes. Although he excelled in school, he was not expected to do much. At fifteen, his English teacher made this clear, telling him explicitly that his dream of becoming a lawyer was unrealistic. Malcolm dropped out of school and eventually earned a 10 year prison sentence in 1946. HE occupied his time in prison by reading books and getting familiar with the Nation of Islam by visiting siblings. NOI was a small faction of black Muslims who embraced black nationalism, believing that in order to gain freedom, justice, and equality, black Americans must establish an independent state from white Americans. His conversion to the Nation of Islam, before his release from prison in 1952, would lead to his work as a minister and activist for the NOI, where he would work alongside their leader, Elijah Muhammad, to expand the movements following among black Americans. This time in postwar America, is populated with rapid progress in almost every way possible. Between 1945 and 1960, the gross national product in the US more than doubles; the economy is booming and much of it is a result of government spending on interstate highways, schools, veterans benefits, and new technologies, like military airplanes and consumer goods. Middle-class Americans had more money to spend than ever before and usually spent it on leisure and children. However, beneath this picture of a prosperous America, issues regarding civil rights and counterculture begin to erupt. In 1948 we begin to see our government take on these greater issues. President Truman issued an executive order that outlawed segregation in the US military and the Supreme Court declared government support, enforcing restrictive agreements to exclude minorities from buying homes in white neighborhoods, to be illegal with the Shelley v. Kraemer case. The 1950s was the first time, however, that this fig ht against racism and segregation, truly entered mainstream of American life. Malcolm Little, at this same time, makes his first statement as a newly devoted follower of NOI by changing his surname to X at the suggestion of his leader, Elijah Muhammad. This was meant to abandon what he, and, considered to be his slave name and also signify his lost tribal name. After his release from prison, was quickly appointed as a minister and national spokesman by Muhammad. Under Muhammads lead, the NOI developed a coherent theology, as opposed to its founder, Wallace D. Fard. He taught the basic principles of Islam, including monotheism, submission to Allah, and a strong family life, along with traditional behaviors like celibacy. Malcolm capitalized on these teachings as he spread them through newspaper columns, the radio, and television. He did everything in his power to communicate these NOI messages and promote a program of economic self-sufficiency for blacks, the development of black-owned businesses, and the creation of a separate black nation carved out of the states of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi. His national newspaper, Muhammad Speaks, was established in 1960 and accredited him with increasing NOI membership 60-fold from 1952 to 1963. His message grew more radical over time, exemplified by his Organization of Afro-American Unity found ing rally on June 28, 1964 in which he persuaded blacks to abolish racism by any means necessary, including violence. These militant proposals won over a large number of followers but, also opened doors for criticism by those who pegged his beliefs as hate speech, for surveillance by FBI agents who infiltrated the organization, and for opposition from less radical civil rights activists, like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Furthering his controversy, Malcolms comment on president John F. Kennedys assassination earned him a silence by Muhammed. In March 1964, he terminated his relationship with NOI, founded his own religious organization, the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. He converted to traditional Islam, changed his name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and returned to America with a new outlook. After witnessing the harmony among Muslims of all races, he spoke to all people about his surprising, newfound hope for integration and peaceful revolution in the United States. However, relations between Malcolm and Muhammad remained volatile as many attempts were made to assassinate Mal colm X, until the attempt on February 21, 1965 proved successful. Malcolms work advanced the conversation of freedom in America in three clear ways; he spread the word around interracial cooperation, allowed people to question the effectiveness of nonviolent methods in gaining African-American freedom, and demonstrated the lengths all people will go to secure their own idea of freedom. It is clear that throughout the beginning of his activist work, he was more interested in black independence than integration. However, by catering to the militant ideals of some, progress was made in joining more people into the conversation. The United States was slowly making progress in terms of racial integration. For example, in 1954 the Supreme Court overturned the separate but equal doctrine of Plessy v. Ferguson, with the Brown v. Board of Education decision. This ruling was a step in the right direction for America but, it was not implemented socially and allowed for troubles like the 1956 signing of the Southern Manifesto, a doctrine declaring that Souther n congressmen would do all they could to defend segregation, and the 1957 incident at Little Rock High School. For nine black students to enter school, Eisenhower needed to follow a court order and send federal troops to escort children into their school building. It is understandable that many would view this marshal tactic as a symbol that more militant measures need to be used to produce results. Sending messages like this to the American people inevitably results in beliefs similar to those held by Malcolm X and his supporters. The condoning of violence in the case that it is necessary, demonstrated how far people would go to secure their idea of freedom. It is important to realize, however, that this was not the first time this message came about. Organizations like the Klu Klux Klan actively practiced violence as a means of preserving their own idea of freedom; however, because it was now officially proposed as a means for African Americans, Malcolm had shed light upon this debate. He proved that all human beings would fight for this right, America itself did so when battling Britain for freedom. Conversation regarding what freedom was, how it differed between and within races, and the right means of obtaining it, forced people to redefi ne what they believed. This African-American leaders impact on American history is multifaceted. As Malcolm Little, he proved that African-Americans could succeed in being influential, simply by excelling in school after being told he could not. His legacy as Malcolm X, contributed to the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He opened the doors for Black Power, a post-1966 rallying cry for a more militant civil rights movement and emphasis on African-American pride. The Black Panther Party, for example, advocated for armed self-defense in response to police brutality, a more militant and radical approach. His short-lived legacy as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, however, symbolized the ever-changing ideals of America and the way personal, individual reactions affect masses. For Malcolm X, it made sense to follow Elijah Muhammads teachings rather than align himself with a figure like Martin Luther King Jr. He discovered, sooner than Dr. King, that the institutionalized nature of over two centuries of segregation and racism would not be solved with simple nonviolent rallying. Malcolms tactics targeted the angry mentality of his people and the social implication of trying to force segregated people into the same rooms as one another and expect a good outcome. Malcolm felt that Dr. Kings solutions worked in theory, but never played out in reality; therefore, this shift in disposition between the two and their followers was inevitable. However, after separating himself from NOI and challenging his own beliefs, Malcolm X reevaluated his stance, daring to explore the idea that he was wrong about a militant style. Although this last identity as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz was short-lived, it is worth acknowledging for its symbolic power. Today, the United States is divided; today, claiming to be a Democrat or a Republican, not only speaks on ones political stance, but on ones character. The debates Americans normally have are ad hominem arguments, leaving no room for questioning or altering ones own views. Malcolms final conversion to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz teaches that anger can blind human vision, but, America can actually have a bloodless revolution.

Atticus, Scout, And Jem Finch - 2314 Words

Almost every society, past or present, has at least some sort of institutionalized groups that can be defined as social classes, and Maycomb County is not any different. Within this county, there are many different social classes. These classes are often separated by race and occupation. A useful way to envision these divisions would be to picture a ladder or a pyramid. On the top wrung of the ladder, in most societies at the current place and time, are the wealthy, white people. Southern Alabama in the early 1930’s was and extremely prejudice time and place for anyone but white people, but especially African Americans. This being said, even though the black people of the county were much more kind and seemed to have more class than many white people, they were still beneath them simply because of the fact that they were black. Atticus, Scout, and Jem Finch are part of this first class, because Atticus is a lawyer, which makes him a highly respected man in the community. They are also white, which is an important factor on deciding who belonged to what social class. Miss Atkinson and Aunt Alexandra are also part of this class because they are know as the perfect examples of what a southern lady should be. Under the Finches would be the Cunninghams (Lee 258). These are the poor, yet respectable white people. Even though the Cunninghams are poor because of the Great Depression, they always manage to pay back the money they borrow in the crops and items from their farm. UnderShow MoreRelatedIn The Book To Kill A Mockingbird, Each Character From1502 Words   |  7 Pagescertainly are Atticus Finch, Scout Finch, and Jem Finch or (Jeremy Atticus Finch), which truly really is very astonishing, which really is genuinely huge. There actually thought on life changed radically however in a sort of okay route after in every practical sense certain occasions past, They likewise for the most part basically had individuals they unquestionably in every practical sense conversed with that particularly basically helped them change like Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose, Jem Finch, and AtticusRead MoreHarper Lee Was Born And Raised In A Small Town In Alabama1154 Words   |  5 Pagespromoted segregation were in effect. Atticus Finch, one of the main characters, is a white lawyer with two young children Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch and Jeremy Atticus â€Å"Jem† Finch. Atticus was selected by the town Judge to defend a black man named Tom Robinson. Prejudice is a common practice among the residents of Maycomb. Some of Maycomb’s residents display their prejudice towards Tom Robinson throughout the novel. This is not the case with Atticus Finch. Atticus reveals his true character by displayingRead MoreAtticus, Throughout to Kill a Mockingbird925 Words   |  4 PagesAtticus, throughout the novel Throughout the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, although Atticus Finch appears to be a loving and caring father, he proves himself to be more of a friend through the eyes of his children. The author, Harper lee, created Atticus to be a loyal friend to Jem Finch and Scout Finch. Atticus has potential to be a friend to his children because, first of all, the children call him by his first name. Secondly, he seldom scolds his children. Atticus has little or noRead MoreHow Racism Affects the Characters of To Kill a Mockingbird777 Words   |  3 Pageseyes of a six year-old girl, named Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch, during the Great Depression. Her and her family are deeply tied into racism and prejudice involved throughout this story. Racism in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is ever apparent as the story is located in a small southern town in Alabama; it is reflected upon three of the main characters: Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch, Jem Finch and their father, Atticus Finch. Jean Louise ‘Scout’ Finch is the main character in Harper Lee’s To Kill aRead MoreTo Kill a Mocking Bird1014 Words   |  5 Pagesin it (Lee 30). Atticus Finch says these words to his daughter, Scout, after he elucidates to her why it is important to not be quick to judge a book by its cover . In Harper Lees To Kill A Mocking Bird, the main conflicts are centered around prejudice. In the tiny town of Maycomb, everybody is set on tradition and there is no room for oddity. Atticus Finch breaks down the walls that everybody else builds up about first and lasting impressions, slowly but surely. Atticus Finch is a discreet exampleRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Theme Essay830 Words   |  4 Pagesdisease of racism. The storys narrator, Scout, and her brother Jem run into the â€Å"usual disease† of racism many times throughout the book. Essential themes to the story such as, courage, superstition, and prejudice express the views of both Scout and Jem on racism . The first theme that expresses Scout and Jem’s views on racism is courage. In the beginning of,To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem and Scout are between the ages of 9 and 12. The innocent and young Jem and Scout have not, yet learned the skills toRead MoreAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesacclaimed book To Kill a Mockingbird. Only a year after being published the American classic novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in fiction as well as the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. Gregory Peck stared as Atticus in the successfully adapted 1962 motion picture of To Kill a Mockingbird that won an Academy Award. This book is based on many childhood experiences that Lee herself encountered growing up in Southern Alabama. This book is based on three children Read MoreSimilarities And Similarities Between Atticus Finley And To Kill A Mockingbird907 Words   |  4 Pagessix-year-old Scout. Tom Robinson has been accused of raping Mayella Ewell, the daughter of Bob Ewell, an alcoholic living on welfare. Scout’s father Atticus, is attempting to prove the innocence of Robinson, a black man, who is accused of rape; an almost hopeless case in such a segregated city. Atticus Finch and Bob Ewell both have a reputation that precedes them, and both face discrimination. Atticus Finch and Bob Ewell have different personal characteristics and traits. Clearly, Atticus and Bob shareRead MoreAtticus Finch : The Wise Adviser1614 Words   |  7 PagesPer. 1 3 December 2014 Atticus Finch: The Wise Adviser People mature and develop as they experience life and those changes are sometimes characterized by the people around us. These developments are a requirement for growth in a person, and can change a person in a big or small way. These people that influence our life can be considered our wise advisors. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch acts as the wise advisor for the town of Maycomb. Atticus influences and helps developRead MoreExamples Of Life Lessons In To Kill A Mockingbird1208 Words   |  5 PagesHarper Lee a young girl named Scout Finch is surrounded by racism and the Great Depression in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama. Scout lives with her father Atticus who is a successful lawyer, Jem her brother, Calpurnia their house cook, and Dill, who is a friend and lives with them during the summer. Arthur Radley also know as Boo Radley is a neighbor of the Finches but the kids are scared of him due to to the fact that he never leaves his house. Atticu s told Scout it was because he got in trouble

Lifestyle Choices Limit Good Health Free Essays

The Scottish diet has been identified as particularly poor, it is high in salt, sugar and fat, and low in fresh fruit and vegetables. Neither women nor men meet the recommended levels of exercise; only 33% of women and 45% of men meet the recommended levels Of exercise. It is therefore not surprising that 59% of Scottish women and 69% or Scottish men are overweight and it is also not surprising that Scotland suffers from very high levels of weigh- related health problems, from diabetes to cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Lifestyle Choices Limit Good Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now This suggests that the choices that we make about what we eat are impacting on the nation’s health to a great degree. In addition, habits such as smoking certainly do have a connection with ill health. Smoking is a known cause of 25 serious diseases, including lung cancer, heart disease and respiratory problems. One in every four Scottish people will die from smoking related causes. It is therefore clear that the 23% of Scottish people who smoke are putting both their own health and others around them in danger. Although all individuals have the ability to make healthy choices some of us are more likely to live healthy lifestyles than others. It can be cheap to live healthily – buying fruit or going for a walk – but for those in poverty, who are less likely to do so due to solicitation, knowledge, motivation or time. For instance, in Scotland least deprived areas, 1 1% of people smoke. In the most deprived areas, 40% of people smoke. Consequently, there are higher rates of lung cancer, heart disease, and low birth-weight babies in the most deprived areas of Scotland than in the least deprived areas. However, it is too simple to blame the poor for causing their own ill health through â€Å"bad choices†. For instance, Dry Harry Burns has spoken of the biology of poverty. In which he has argued that infants born into deprivation are exposed to the great stress, which has a lasting effect on the brain and body and leaved them more vulnerable to ease in later life. This has contributed to an astonishing 28 year male life expectancy gap between Gallon in Glasgow and the wealthy suburb of Leonie. Therefore, the health gap between rich and poor cannot be explained by lifestyle alone and we must take into account the wider effects of poverty on health. As a final point, other factors that are unrelated to lifestyle can also limit good health. Certain illnesses can be passed on in the genes. F-or instance, it is believed that 60% of cancers are linked to family history. However, few illnesses are purely hereditary and even those who carry a emetic Rick can lessen their risk of falling ill by making good lifestyle choices. For example, strokes do run in families, but it is said that 25% of them could have been prevented by doing regular daily exercise, such as walking. Therefore, lifestyles can still have an impact in the case of hereditary illnesses and is an important factor. In conclusion, while lifestyle factors do impact on health, the causes of ill health are more complex. Ill health is most usually the result of a combination of genes, environment and lifestyle factors and it is therefore too simple to say lifestyle is the main cause of ill health. How to cite Lifestyle Choices Limit Good Health, Papers

The interpersonal for communication book - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about The interpersonal for communication book. Answer: In the daily lives of people, different communication modes are adopted to even put across the most basic of statements or emotions to the other person. Communication is something which is deeply intertwined in the existence of humans and forms an integral part of it. Without communication, human life cannot even exist. The exchange of information amidst two or more individuals is deemed as interpersonal communication. It is a crucial area of research, which is extensively studied upon for seeking to understand the manner in which the verbal and non-verbal cues are used by the humans for the purpose of achieving a number of relational and personal goals (DeVito, 2015). In the following parts, this very interpersonal communication would be defined and would also show the manner in which it affects the daily life of people. Interpersonal communication is such a process through which the individuals exchange their feelings and share information with one another, where the use of verbal and non-verbal messages is done. The interpersonal communication just not simply include what been said through the use of language, but also includes the manner in which the same is stated, where a huge part includes the non-verbal messages which are sent across by the facial expressions, body language, tone of voice and the gestures. Where there is presence of two or more individuals in the same place, and particularly when they are aware of the presence of each other, at such time, communication takes place, irrespective of the same being unintentional or subtle. Even though the parties may not be speaking to each other, but an observer skilled in interpersonal communication is able to gain the communication taking place through the posture of parties, and their facial expression. Through this, the observer can gather t he impressions about each other, their emotional state, intentions, and even the personality of the parties. So, the non-verbal communication says a lot, without using any language, to put across the thoughts of the person (Knapp, Vangelisti Caughlin, 2014). Interpersonal communication is basically a process of exchange and its components include sender, receiver, message, and channel. The message is initiated by the sender, the information which is sent is the message, the manner in which the message is sent is the channel, and the person who gets the message is the receiver. Interpersonal communication not only allows a party to gain the attitude, perceptions or beliefs of another party, but by noticing self they can learn to control their emotions and channel positivity and the preferred attitude to the other party (McKee, 2014). For instance, even when a person is nervous, instead of indulging in nail-biting or tapping hands/ legs, a person can control such body language, which would not put across the nervousness of such individual to the other party in proximity. This can come handy as a useful tool in the daily lives of the people, as by controlling their actions they can make the best of any situation. This is particularly helpfu l when it comes to business life, particularly when a person goes to give interviews, or attends a business meeting. Crossing hands on chest is a sign of a person being closed for communication, which should be avoided in business meetings with delegates. Interpersonal communications also help a person in understanding the situation of others, which allows them to build stronger relationship or new relationship with a person. Communication in the right manner is also very crucial. Not just the words, but the manner in which such words are put across, particularly in terms of the tone used to communicate can also show the intentions of the parties and helps the observer in gaining understanding to the situation of other person. In the daily lives, when a person uses high voice with another, it becomes apparent that the first person is angry. Again, when a person talks in a feeble voice, it shows that the person is scared or sad. Coupled with the other non-verbal cues, clarity can be brought to the exact situation of the person. And this is the reason why individuals are able to understand just by looking at their loved ones that they are sad or angry. The non-verbal cues are particularly helpful as they also help in avoiding disputes a s by gaining an understanding to the emotions of an individual, the verbal communication can be accordingly modulated (Wood, 2015). Through the effective use of interpersonal communications, an individual can influence others to listen and even take the actions which are required. Where the non-verbal cues are controlled in a manner that the other person gets a good first impression, the path for the verbal communication becomes very easy. This allows a person to create a win-win situation which further allows them to not only maximise the influence on others but in also inspiring other people. It is an important tool when it comes to conflict resolution, where the individuals harness their social and personal skills for the purpose of conflict resolution. Through use of effective communication strategies, the stressful environment at workplace can be diffused and the hostile situations be tackled with ease. By using the interpersonal communications, the feedback can also be attained on a possible deal being successful or the clients being apprehensive about a certain aspect (McIntosh, Luecke Davis, 2008). There are certain basic principles which are related to interpersonal communication. The first one is that the interpersonal communications are simply inescapable. Even when a person is not speaking, they communicate through non-verbal cues. Through these channels, there is a constant intake and outgiving of information (Porges, 2011). The next principle is that the interpersonal communications are irreversible. Once a communication has been made, it cannot be taken back. So, where a person talks loudly with another person, they show they anger, which cannot be taken back, even when the other person gets hurt because of it (West Turner, 2010). Another important aspect of interpersonal communications is that they are complicated. A person may not be feeling something or have the intent of communicating something, but the same could be communicated due to their body language. At times, this does not communicate the correct feel. This makes communication very complicated. Also, the dif ference in perceptions or backgrounds of the individuals could result in mixed signals being sent, making the interpersonal communication unclear and ambiguous (Beebe, Beebe Redmond, 2000). Lastly, the interpersonal communications are also contextual, which means that the communication does not take place in isolation. There are a number of contexts which have been taken care of in this regard which includes psychological, relational, situational, environmental and cultural (Desai, 2010). Thus, on the basis of the discussion which was undertaken in the previous segments, clarity was attained on what exactly interpersonal communications are. These include not only the verbal communications but also the non-verbal actions of the parties, which help in understanding the attitudes and the beliefs of the person. In the daily life of people, the interpersonal communications are used very commonly. By carefully observing these cues, a person can avoid conflicting situations, and can also use these for their personal or professional benefit. Thus, there is a need to gain an understanding on these interpersonal communications so as to use them to the best advantage. The discussion helps in concluding that even when individuals are not deliberately engaged in communication, they engage in non verbal communications, which at times speaks more than words and helps in presenting the situation of the person. Bibliography Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., Redmond, M. V. (2000).Interpersonal communication. Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice-Hall Canada. Desai, M. (2010).A rights-based preventative approach for psychosocial well-being in childhood. New York: Springer Science Business Media. DeVito, J. A. (2015).The interpersonal communication book. London: Pearson. Knapp, M. L., Vangelisti, A. L., Caughlin, J. P. (2014).Interpersonal communication human relationships. London: Pearson Higher Ed. McIntosh, P., Luecke, R. A., Davis, J. H. (2008).Interpersonal communication skills in the workplace (2nd ed.). New York: American Mgmt Assn. McKee, A. (2014).Management: A Focus on Leaders: Pearson New International Edition. London: Pearson Education Limited. Porges, S. W. (2011).The polyvagal theory: Neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation (Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology). New York: WW Norton Company. West, R., Turner, L. H. (2010). Understanding interpersonal communication: Making choices in changing times. New York: Cengage Learning. Wood, J. T. (2015). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Scarborough: Nelson Education.